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Glossary of
Terms
A/B Split
When the list is divided into two segments, each of which is tested
for different offers.
Above-the-fold
The part of an email or web page that is visible without scrolling.
It is generally more desirable placement because of its visibility.
Acquisition versus Retention
The presentation and content of an email marketing message or
campaign often depends on whether the objective is to acquire new
customers or encourage loyalty and repeat purchases from existing
customers. Acquisition efforts are more likely to focus on
encouraging action, retention efforts on building relationships.
AIDAS
"Attention, Interest, Desire, Action, Satisfaction" - elements of a
sales campaign that establish and sustain the prospect's momentum
from initial contact up to and beyond the "close."
Benefits versus Features
Benefits address a prospect's emotional needs and communicate how
the product or service will improve his/her quality of life or make
him/her feel better. Features address the attributes of the product
or service. Benefits are more effective in driving action.
Blocking
E-mails that are blocked are not processed through the ISP and are
essentially prevented from reaching their addressed destination.
Buyer
A lead currently in negotiation who has made a commitment in
principle to buy, but has not yet purchased the product or service.
Calls to Action (see also Point of Action - POA)
Words that offer the opportunity and encourage the prospect to take
action. For example, "Click here to see CM3's new designer colors"
or "Add this product to your wish list."
Campaign
A coordinated set of individual email marketing messages delivered
at intervals and with an overall objective in mind. A campaign
allows each new message to build on previous success.
Cell Testing
When the list is divided into a number of discrete cells to allow
for a robust test across multiple variables. To determine optimum
response, conversion rate is measured for each cell.
Click-through
When a prospect takes an action and clicks on a link. To determine
the click-through rate, divide the number of responses by the number
of emails opened (multiple this number by 100 to express the result
as a percentage).
Closing Sentence
The last sentence of the communication, which must reinforce desire
to take action.
Color Theory
A body of knowledge concerning the ability of color to help create
an appropriate psychological state and present information most
effectively, in addition to
engaging prospects and directing their progress through the process.
Content
All the copy, graphics and images that go into the presentation.
Effective content is engaging, useful, informative, educational,
professional and entertaining.
Conversion Rate
The key metric to evaluate the effectiveness of a conversion (often,
sales) effort, reflecting the percentage of people converted into
buyers (or subscribers, or whatever action is desired) out of the
total population exposed to the conversion effort. For websites, the
conversion rate is the number of visitors who took the desired
action divided by the total number of visitors in a given time
period (typically, per month). For email marketing, the conversion
rate is the number of people who take an action divided by the total
number of people who received the email. (Multiply these numbers by
100 to express the results as percentages.)
CPA (or Cost per acquisition)
A payment model in which payment is based solely on qualifying
actions such as sales or registrations.
CPM (or Cost per thousand)
In e-mail marketing, CPM commonly refers to the cost per 1000 names
on a given rental list. For example, a rental list priced at $250
CPM would mean that the list owner charges $.25 per e-mail address.
Customer
A person who has paid for the product or service.
Customer Experience
The customer's (possibly only the prospect's) overall experience of
pleasure during the sales encounter.
Delight Factor
A person's overall experience of delight - or the absence of it -
during the conversion encounter.
Font
A complete set of type of one style and size. For example, all the
characters associated with 12 point Arial constitute a font.
Format (Appearance)
Emails currently can be delivered in plain-text format or HTML
format. Consider the target audience to determine which is the more
appropriate format for any specific campaign.
Frequency
The intervals at which email marketing efforts are repeated: weekly,
bi-weekly, monthly, bi-monthly, etc.
Goal (Objective) of Emailing
The coherent, defined purpose, which allows targeting recipients
appropriately, creating a unified and effective message and
measuring the results. Each email, as well as the overall campaign,
should have a clear goal.
Hard bounce/Soft bounce
A hard bounce is the failed delivery of an e-mail due to a permanent
reason like a non-existent address. A soft bounce is the failed
delivery of an e-mail due to a temporary issue, like a full mailbox
or an unavailable server.
Headers
The documentation that accompanies the body of an email message.
Headers contain information on the email itself and the route it's
taken across the Internet. Recipients can normally see the "to"
(identity of recipient), "from" (identity of sender) and "subject"
(information in the subject line) headers in their inbox. You can
modify these to influence their decision to open or delete an email.
Headline
The opening announcement that greets recipients once they have
opened the email. Ideally, this immediately communicates the
company's unique selling proposition and encourages the recipient to
penetrate further into the email.
House list
A permission-based list that you built yourself. Use it to market,
cross sell and up-sell, and to establish a relationship with
customers over time. Your house list is one of your most valuable
assets.
Incentive
A reason to take action, which might include discounts, bonuses,
free shipping, bundle pricing, etc.
Instills Trust
The ability of the communication to create trust and confidence in
the mind of the recipient.
Jargon
A word or term that is unique to a particular business or area of
knowledge and not generally known to the public at large. In most
cases, avoid the use of jargon.
KISS
"Keep it Simple, Stupid" - a directive to keep the communication
clear, concise and intuitive to improve the likelihood the prospect
will take action.
Landing Page
The page on a website where the visitor arrives (which may or may
not be the home page). In terms of an email campaign, one can think
of the landing page as the page to which the email directs the
prospect via a link. A landing page must satisfy all the
requirements pertaining to a home page.
Layout
The arrangement of elements in the communication, designed to
optimize use of screen real estate within the prospect's email
client. Layout of an email must take into account the fact that only
a small portion of the content will appear in the visible window
("above the fold"), and further reading requires the prospect to
scroll down.
Lead
A prospect who is engaged actively in the buying decision for a
product or service.
Links
Text links, hyperlinks, graphics or images which, when clicked or
when pasted into the browser, direct the prospect to another online
location. To be most effective in motivating action, links must be
obvious to the visitor or recipient. When images or graphics are
used as links, or when hyperlinks are used, always provide a
corresponding text link as well.
List host
A service providing users with tools and facilities for distributing
high volumes of email and managing a list of email addresses.
Load Time
The length of time it takes for a page to open completely in the
browser window.
Look and Feel
The degree to which design, layout and functionality is appealing to
prospects and fits the "image" the business is trying to portray.
Mailing list
A set of email addresses designated for receiving specific email
messages.
Navigation
The tabs, text and graphic hyperlinks that always let prospects know
both where they are and where they can go. Navigation elements must
always be available and obvious. Well-designed navigation will lead
the prospect in the intended direction.
Nth Sampling
When a subset of the list is constructed based on every Nth
individual. For example, if one is doing Ninth-Testing, every ninth
person on the list is sent an email.
Opening Sentence
The first complete sentence of the email communication.
Opt-In / Opt-Out
Opt-In is the action a person takes when he or she actively agrees,
by email or other means, to receive communications. It requires
tactics and mechanisms to encourage and allow people to become
recipients. Opt-Out is the action a person takes when he or she
chooses not to receive communications. It requires tactics and
mechanisms by which people can ask to be removed reliably from an
email list.
Paragraph Length (Average)
The average number of sentences in a paragraph, determined by
dividing the total number of sentences in a document by the total
number of paragraphs. Shorter paragraphs encourage readers to stay
focused and move through the document.
Percent Bounced Back
The number of emails that were returned as undeliverable divided by
the total number of emails sent, multiplied by 100.
Percent Opened
The number of emails opened divided by the total number of emails
sent, multiplied by 100.
Percent Removes
The number of requests for opt-out or removal divided by the total
number of emails sent, multiplied by 100.
Permission
The idea of only sending email messages to those recipients who have
agreed (or asked) to receive them. The definition of permission is
the subject of considerable debate in the email marketing community.
Personality
The tone the email communicates: excited, cheerful, playful,
serious, concerned, helpful, etc. The personality of the document
should be consistent with the personality of the business and the
offer. It should remain consistent throughout any one email and
consistent across all emails in a campaign. (For "personality" as it
pertains to your prospects, see WIIFM.)
Personalization
The practice of writing the email to make the recipient feel that it
is more personal and was sent with him or her in mind. This might
include using the recipient's name in the salutation or subject
line, referring to previous purchases or correspondence, or offering
recommendations based on previous buying patterns.
Persuasion Factor
The ability of the copy to persuade the recipient to take action.
Point of Action (POA) (see also Calls to Action)
Specific locations in a presentation that offer the opportunity and
encourage the prospect to take action.
Presentation
The manner in which the communication describes and displays the
products or services.
Privacy
The quality or condition of being free from unsanctioned intrusion.
Communications need to reassure the prospect through clear,
accessible and enforced assurances so he/she can feel comfortable
about providing personal information and transacting business.
Prospect
A suspect who actively expresses interest in the product or service.
Readability
The degree to which the copy is well-written as well as optimized
for reading on the web. The readability of text is affected by many
factors including, but not limited to: the color of the text in
relation to the background color, the font, the spacing between
words and between lines of text, the length of lines of text, how
blocky and dense the paragraphs appear, text justification, the
complexity of the grammar and the education level of your audience.
Relationship Building
Undertaking strategies and tactics aimed at developing a positive
and ideally long-term relationship with the prospect or customer.
Rental list (or Acquisition list)
A list of prospects or a targeted group of recipients who have
opted-in to receive information about certain subjects. Using
permission-based rental lists, marketers can send e-mail messages to
audiences targeted by interest category, profession, demographic
information and more. Renting a list usually costs between $.10 and
$.40 per name.
Sales Process
A five-step expert process that directs a prospect from the start of
a sale to the close and beyond. The steps begin with Prospecting
(largely a marketing function), continue through establishing
Rapport, Presenting, Qualifying and culminate in the Close. Overall,
the sales process is linear, although there are always iterative
elements.
Scannable Text (also called Skimmable Text)
Highlighted, bolded, bulleted or otherwise visually-distinguished
content that allows the reader to quickly scan block text and
distill the overall point and essential features of the
communication. More correctly, scannable text is "skimmable" text -
text the reader can easily skim through to determine the essence of
the communication.
Sentence Length (Average)
The average number of words in a sentence, determined by dividing
the total number of words in a communication by the total number of
sentences. In general, shorter sentences best capture and retain a
reader's interest. Long sentences can be confusing.
Signature file (sig file)
A tagline or short block of text at the end of an e-mail message
that identifies the sender and provides additional information such
as company name and contact information. Use it to convey a benefit
and include a call-to-action with a link.
Spam/UCE
Unsolicited commercial email. The term normally given to commercial
email sent without the recipient's permission. Those accused of
sending UCE can run into trouble, ranging from impolite responses
through loss of Internet access accounts to destruction of
reputations and infrastructure.
Subheads (or Subheadings)
Titles within the body of the email communication that distinguish
discrete sections, topics, offers, promotions, etc.
Subject Line
The title of the email communication. This is the first (and
hopefully not last) element of the communication recipients will see
when they access their email. It has to grab attention and be
credible or the email will not get opened.
Suspect
Any one individual from the universe of potential customers for the
product or service.
Targeting
Sending the right message to the right recipient at the right time.
Teaser
A message, or part of a message, designed to arouse curiosity and
interest, but without revealing too much detail in itself. You can
use appropriate teaser copy in the subject line to encourage
prospects or customers to read the email.
Terminology
Words that communicate specifics about the features and benefits of
the product or service, or features and benefits of the sales
process. Content needs to communicate effectively in language that
avoids jargon, does not require insider knowledge and is understood
easily. In email campaigns, it is particularly important that
terminology avoid clichés and "spam words" such as "free," "limited
time offer," etc.
Timing
1. Scheduling the email campaign to reach the audience at the most
opportune time so it is most likely to be read. Timing might be
seasonal (for example, vacation or school), dependent on holidays,
etc. or mailings might go out on a standard schedule. Even the day
of the week and what time of day the mailing goes out are important
considerations: for example, a Friday afternoon mailing may be great
for retailing customers, but bad for business-to-business customers.
2. Choosing the most appropriate interval between emails in a
campaign, to maximize overall effectiveness.
Tracking
Collecting and evaluating the statistics from which one can measure
the effectiveness of an email or an email campaign.
Type
A size or style of typewritten or printed character. For example, a
serif type (or typeface), a sans-serif type, 10 point type, 14 point
type.
Unique Forwarders
The number of unique individuals who forwarded an email.
Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
The concise and memorable phrase that concisely and powerfully
describes the unique value of your business and creates excitement
in the prospect. The USP is not a slogan or a phrase designed for
advertising, although that is one potential use for it. Instead, its
purpose is to answer the prospect's implicit question, "Why should I
do business with you and not somebody else?"
Up-Selling / Cross-Selling
Presenting customers with an opportunity to purchase related
products, services or accessories to products they have shown an
interest in or previously purchased.
Usability
The ability to implement effectively the body of knowledge
concerning the human-computer interface in order to remove any
obstacles impeding the experience and process of online
interactions.
Value
The overall appeal and usefulness of the product or service to the
prospect. Rarely is value simply a function of price (which
typically ranks fourth among purchase considerations).
Viral Design
Elements and functions included in a communication that encourage
and allow recipients to pass the offer along to others, thereby
leveraging the marketing effort ("tell a friend," "please forward,"
etc.).
Viral Effect
A measurable outcome of the degree to which recipients of a
communication refer the offer, products, services or company to
others.
Viral Forwards
The number of referrals sent.
Viral Responses
The number of recipients who received the referral, opened it and
clicked on a link.
Visual Clarity
A function, in large part, of layout and design: Pages are easy to
scan; text and graphics are clear; prospects can find what they are
looking for quickly and easily.
Voice
A grammatical property of verbs that indicates a relationship
between the subject and the action expressed by the verb. "Birds
build nests" is written in the active voice and emphasizes the
subject - birds. "Nests are built by birds" is written in the
passive voice and emphasizes the action - building nests. Active
voice is far more persuasive in driving action.
We Test
Developed by Future Now, Inc., this metric provides a general
measure of the degree to which your communication is
customer-centered. It compares the number of customer-oriented words
(you, your, etc.) in the communication to the number of self- or
company-referential words (we, our, I, me, etc.).
WIIFM
"What's In It For Me?" - this question always underlies and informs
a prospect's decision whether to take the suggested action. Beyond
addressing the critical value propositions and benefits that will
interest prospects, all communications must accommodate their
deeply-felt, emotional needs and take into account the different
personality profiles which influence prospects' different shopping
styles. (Driver, Analytical, Amiable and Social are the four
acknowledged dominant personality profiles).
Word Length (Average)
The average number of letters in a word, determined by dividing the
total number of letters in a communication by the total number of
words. Unless meaning is compromised, choose the shorter word over
the longer word.
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